# 声明：本代码仅供学习和研究目的使用。使用者应遵守以下原则： # 1. 不得用于任何商业用途。 # 2. 使用时应遵守目标平台的使用条款和robots.txt规则。 # 3. 不得进行大规模爬取或对平台造成运营干扰。 # 4. 应合理控制请求频率，避免给目标平台带来不必要的负担。 # 5. 不得用于任何非法或不当的用途。 # # 详细许可条款请参阅项目根目录下的LICENSE文件。 # 使用本代码即表示您同意遵守上述原则和LICENSE中的所有条款。 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- import asyncio import os import random from asyncio import Task from typing import Dict, List, Optional, Tuple from playwright.async_api import (BrowserContext, BrowserType, Page, async_playwright) import config from base.base_crawler import AbstractCrawler from model.m_zhihu import ZhihuContent, ZhihuCreator from proxy.proxy_ip_pool import IpInfoModel, create_ip_pool from store import zhihu as zhihu_store from tools import utils from var import crawler_type_var, source_keyword_var from .client import ZhiHuClient from .exception import DataFetchError from .help import ZhihuExtractor from .login import ZhiHuLogin class ZhihuCrawler(AbstractCrawler): context_page: Page zhihu_client: ZhiHuClient browser_context: BrowserContext def __init__(self) -> None: self.index_url = "https://www.zhihu.com" # self.user_agent = utils.get_user_agent() self.user_agent = "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/128.0.0.0 Safari/537.36" self._extractor = ZhihuExtractor() async def start(self) -> None: """ Start the crawler Returns: """ playwright_proxy_format, httpx_proxy_format = None, None if config.ENABLE_IP_PROXY: ip_proxy_pool = await create_ip_pool(config.IP_PROXY_POOL_COUNT, enable_validate_ip=True) ip_proxy_info: IpInfoModel = await ip_proxy_pool.get_proxy() playwright_proxy_format, httpx_proxy_format = self.format_proxy_info(ip_proxy_info) async with async_playwright() as playwright: # Launch a browser context. chromium = playwright.chromium self.browser_context = await self.launch_browser( chromium, None, self.user_agent, headless=config.HEADLESS ) # stealth.min.js is a js script to prevent the website from detecting the crawler. await self.browser_context.add_init_script(path="libs/stealth.min.js") self.context_page = await self.browser_context.new_page() await self.context_page.goto(self.index_url, wait_until="domcontentloaded") # Create a client to interact with the zhihu website. self.zhihu_client = await self.create_zhihu_client(httpx_proxy_format) if not await self.zhihu_client.pong(): login_obj = ZhiHuLogin( login_type=config.LOGIN_TYPE, login_phone="", # input your phone number browser_context=self.browser_context, context_page=self.context_page, cookie_str=config.COOKIES ) await login_obj.begin() await self.zhihu_client.update_cookies(browser_context=self.browser_context) # 知乎的搜索接口需要打开搜索页面之后cookies才能访问API，单独的首页不行 utils.logger.info("[ZhihuCrawler.start] Zhihu跳转到搜索页面获取搜索页面的Cookies，该过程需要5秒左右") await self.context_page.goto(f"{self.index_url}/search?q=python&search_source=Guess&utm_content=search_hot&type=content") await asyncio.sleep(5) await self.zhihu_client.update_cookies(browser_context=self.browser_context) crawler_type_var.set(config.CRAWLER_TYPE) if config.CRAWLER_TYPE == "search": # Search for notes and retrieve their comment information. await self.search() elif config.CRAWLER_TYPE == "detail": # Get the information and comments of the specified post raise NotImplementedError elif config.CRAWLER_TYPE == "creator": # Get creator's information and their notes and comments await self.get_creators_and_notes() else: pass utils.logger.info("[ZhihuCrawler.start] Zhihu Crawler finished ...") async def search(self) -> None: """Search for notes and retrieve their comment information.""" utils.logger.info("[ZhihuCrawler.search] Begin search zhihu keywords") zhihu_limit_count = 20 # zhihu limit page fixed value if config.CRAWLER_MAX_NOTES_COUNT < zhihu_limit_count: config.CRAWLER_MAX_NOTES_COUNT = zhihu_limit_count start_page = config.START_PAGE for keyword in config.KEYWORDS.split(","): source_keyword_var.set(keyword) utils.logger.info(f"[ZhihuCrawler.search] Current search keyword: {keyword}") page = 1 while (page - start_page + 1) * zhihu_limit_count <= config.CRAWLER_MAX_NOTES_COUNT: if page < start_page: utils.logger.info(f"[ZhihuCrawler.search] Skip page {page}") page += 1 continue try: utils.logger.info(f"[ZhihuCrawler.search] search zhihu keyword: {keyword}, page: {page}") content_list: List[ZhihuContent] = await self.zhihu_client.get_note_by_keyword( keyword=keyword, page=page, ) utils.logger.info(f"[ZhihuCrawler.search] Search contents :{content_list}") if not content_list: utils.logger.info("No more content!") break page += 1 for content in content_list: await zhihu_store.update_zhihu_content(content) await self.batch_get_content_comments(content_list) except DataFetchError: utils.logger.error("[ZhihuCrawler.search] Search content error") return async def batch_get_content_comments(self, content_list: List[ZhihuContent]): """ Batch get content comments Args: content_list: Returns: """ if not config.ENABLE_GET_COMMENTS: utils.logger.info(f"[ZhihuCrawler.batch_get_content_comments] Crawling comment mode is not enabled") return semaphore = asyncio.Semaphore(config.MAX_CONCURRENCY_NUM) task_list: List[Task] = [] for content_item in content_list: task = asyncio.create_task(self.get_comments(content_item, semaphore), name=content_item.content_id) task_list.append(task) await asyncio.gather(*task_list) async def get_comments(self, content_item: ZhihuContent, semaphore: asyncio.Semaphore): """ Get note comments with keyword filtering and quantity limitation Args: content_item: semaphore: Returns: """ async with semaphore: utils.logger.info(f"[ZhihuCrawler.get_comments] Begin get note id comments {content_item.content_id}") await self.zhihu_client.get_note_all_comments( content=content_item, crawl_interval=random.random(), callback=zhihu_store.batch_update_zhihu_note_comments ) async def get_creators_and_notes(self) -> None: """ Get creator's information and their notes and comments Returns: """ utils.logger.info("[ZhihuCrawler.get_creators_and_notes] Begin get xiaohongshu creators") for user_link in config.ZHIHU_CREATOR_URL_LIST: utils.logger.info(f"[ZhihuCrawler.get_creators_and_notes] Begin get creator {user_link}") user_url_token = user_link.split("/")[-1] # get creator detail info from web html content createor_info: ZhihuCreator = await self.zhihu_client.get_creator_info(url_token=user_url_token) if not createor_info: utils.logger.info(f"[ZhihuCrawler.get_creators_and_notes] Creator {user_url_token} not found") continue utils.logger.info(f"[ZhihuCrawler.get_creators_and_notes] Creator info: {createor_info}") await zhihu_store.save_creator(creator=createor_info) # 默认只提取回答信息，如果需要文章和视频，把下面的注释打开即可 # Get all anwser information of the creator all_content_list = await self.zhihu_client.get_all_anwser_by_creator( creator=createor_info, crawl_interval=random.random(), callback=zhihu_store.batch_update_zhihu_contents ) # Get all articles of the creator's contents # all_content_list = await self.zhihu_client.get_all_articles_by_creator( # creator=createor_info, # crawl_interval=random.random(), # callback=zhihu_store.batch_update_zhihu_contents # ) # Get all videos of the creator's contents # all_content_list = await self.zhihu_client.get_all_videos_by_creator( # creator=createor_info, # crawl_interval=random.random(), # callback=zhihu_store.batch_update_zhihu_contents # ) # Get all comments of the creator's contents await self.batch_get_content_comments(all_content_list) @staticmethod def format_proxy_info(ip_proxy_info: IpInfoModel) -> Tuple[Optional[Dict], Optional[Dict]]: """format proxy info for playwright and httpx""" playwright_proxy = { "server": f"{ip_proxy_info.protocol}{ip_proxy_info.ip}:{ip_proxy_info.port}", "username": ip_proxy_info.user, "password": ip_proxy_info.password, } httpx_proxy = { f"{ip_proxy_info.protocol}": f"http://{ip_proxy_info.user}:{ip_proxy_info.password}@{ip_proxy_info.ip}:{ip_proxy_info.port}" } return playwright_proxy, httpx_proxy async def create_zhihu_client(self, httpx_proxy: Optional[str]) -> ZhiHuClient: """Create zhihu client""" utils.logger.info("[ZhihuCrawler.create_zhihu_client] Begin create zhihu API client ...") cookie_str, cookie_dict = utils.convert_cookies(await self.browser_context.cookies()) zhihu_client_obj = ZhiHuClient( proxies=httpx_proxy, headers={ 'accept': '*/*', 'accept-language': 'zh-CN,zh;q=0.9', 'cookie': cookie_str, 'priority': 'u=1, i', 'referer': 'https://www.zhihu.com/search?q=python&time_interval=a_year&type=content', 'user-agent': self.user_agent, 'x-api-version': '3.0.91', 'x-app-za': 'OS=Web', 'x-requested-with': 'fetch', 'x-zse-93': '101_3_3.0', }, playwright_page=self.context_page, cookie_dict=cookie_dict, ) return zhihu_client_obj async def launch_browser( self, chromium: BrowserType, playwright_proxy: Optional[Dict], user_agent: Optional[str], headless: bool = True ) -> BrowserContext: """Launch browser and create browser context""" utils.logger.info("[ZhihuCrawler.launch_browser] Begin create browser context ...") if config.SAVE_LOGIN_STATE: # feat issue #14 # we will save login state to avoid login every time user_data_dir = os.path.join(os.getcwd(), "browser_data", config.USER_DATA_DIR % config.PLATFORM) # type: ignore browser_context = await chromium.launch_persistent_context( user_data_dir=user_data_dir, accept_downloads=True, headless=headless, proxy=playwright_proxy, # type: ignore viewport={"width": 1920, "height": 1080}, user_agent=user_agent ) return browser_context else: browser = await chromium.launch(headless=headless, proxy=playwright_proxy) # type: ignore browser_context = await browser.new_context( viewport={"width": 1920, "height": 1080}, user_agent=user_agent ) return browser_context async def close(self): """Close browser context""" await self.browser_context.close() utils.logger.info("[ZhihuCrawler.close] Browser context closed ...")